This issue of size is not Aperture, per se. If you open one of your RAW files saved directly from the camera to a folder on your Mac, then open with Photoshop, change to Mode settings to be 16 bit vs 8 bit, then Save As a TIFF, you will see the same size increase.
Aperture by default is working in 16 bit color, and that alone will increase TIFFs or PSDs by a factor of two.
Photoshop needs the image file to be either TIFF or PSD to accomplish and then save most edits that require Photoshop, and that you can later re-edit. If your edit requires layers, then you can flatten the image before saving to not pass that increase back into Aperture storage.
Although you can save your edited image as a JPEG in PS, there is no facility to directly pass this back to the Aperture Library.
I find little reason to use Photoshop for editing, unless I need to work with layers, btw, especially since Aperture 3.