A question mark appearing at boot generally means your Mac can’t locate a startup disk with a valid operating system. Since you’ve tried safe mode, recovery mode, and Disk Utility without success, here are a few further steps you can take.
First, try Internet Recovery by holding
Option + Command + R as you boot. This mode loads macOS Recovery directly from Apple’s servers, which can bypass any issues with your startup disk. Once in Internet Recovery, you can try using Disk Utility again to verify or repair your drive.
Another option is to use Target Disk Mode. If you have another Mac, connect it to your iMac with a Thunderbolt or USB-C cable and boot the iMac while holding
T. This allows you to access the iMac’s hard drive as an external drive on the other Mac, making it possible to retrieve any important files.
You can also try creating a bootable USB installer using another Mac. Insert the USB drive, restart your iMac while holding the
Option key, and select the USB as the startup disk. You can then reinstall macOS if your drive appears as a target.
Finally, if you lack a current backup and can’t access your data, consider using
Mac data recovery software from an external drive to retrieve any critical files before proceeding with a fresh installation.