Hello and welcome.
The errors you are getting are many times symptoms of a failing hard drive. If you cannot get to the Recovery Partition, you will need an external drive with OS X installed to startup from and attempt to repair the internal. If Disk Utility fails, DiskWarrior may be able to repair it, but more often than not, the drive is failing and/or your data isn't recoverable.
-Do you have any form of Time Machine or other backup as honestone eluded to?
-Which EFI icon do you mean? Do you have rEFIt installed?
-Did this issue arise after a hard power off?
-Have you been having freezing/hanging issue leading up to this?
C