Best practices in setting up an external HDD on TM backups

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Hi all. After facing a major slowdown (TM would backup to just 25% in an hour or so) of my older HDD on a TM backup, I decided to get a new HDD. Earlier discussions had talked about the complications with TM backups. e.g., there is now a new filing system AFPS, while my older drive is set on the extended journaling system. I have also heard about some issue with file fragmentation on the new AFPS system.

I have now simply decided to dedicate this 1 TB Seagate HDD to backing up my Mac OS (its internal storage is 256 GB). Please provide me some useful tips on how to set it up, and how to back it up so it doesn't down in the years to come.

Should I simply format the new drive (currently using ExFAT) using the Mac OS disk utility manager?

Do I need to set it to AFPS? Is there any way to make it compatible so it also lets Windows read the files?

Does AFPS allow deletion of the old backup files? Or, is that still a strict no-no, and messes up how Mac OS handles the folder structure?

I tend to selectively backup my laptop. I exclude the applications, as I feel I can easily download them afresh in case my laptop needs to be formatted. I backup all documents, and films and photos. But I also know that photos in the Mac Photos app are backed up inside a dedicated folder, and that this can't be on a disk that has TM backups. Do share your experiences and best practices.

Thanks!
 

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