Macs don't have BIOS in the sense you know from PC. They have something called OpenFirmware used on PowerPC systems. This is not something you really want to be messing with. The Mac relies on system settings being set in software for the most part.
Before you even begin to fool around wit that, I think I have an idea what your problem is though. The Mac works on a simple aspect of looking at all disks for a "blessed" system folder (bootable volume containing the files it needs to boot and a special flag teling it it can boot from there).
By installing a harddrive (always as Cable Select, and I believe those old macs use regular ATA 100 or lower disks), you also need to install MacOS X (or worst case, MacOS 9) on the Mac for it to be able to boot or to access the drive contents. You need a copy of MacOS (X), and boot the computer using it. Then you should be able to install MacOS onto a partition on the disk.
If you cannot or don't want to use MacOS, you can also use PowerPC Linux, but you might have to burn it on another computer in your home.
The shortcut keys you want to know for use when booting, are:
Option (alt) = present a boot menu of all bootable disks the Mac sees
c = boot from CD/DVD directly
holding down left mouse button = eject any CD/DVD the Mac refused to reject within the OS.
T - Firewire target mode, explained in my blog, which link is in my signature.
In general in MacOS:
Cmd (the key with the apple logo and sightseeing sight symbol, also known as cloverleaf) is the general shortcut key in MacOS. On Windows, its often mapped to the Windows key.
Cmd + C, Cmd + X, Cmd + V = Copy, Cut, Paste respectively.
Cmd + Q = Quit active application
Cmd + W = Close current window in application
Cmd+Tab = Alt+Tab in Windows world, app switching
Many more in the help system.